Imperialism in Africa and India

Section 1: A Scramble For Africa †¢ European nations needed to fuel industrial production †¢ Competed for new markets for goods and took huge interest in Africa †¢ Imperialism- Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country o Occurred throughout most of Africa o Europe came in and dominated †¢ Mid 1800’s Africans divided into ethnic and linguistic groups †¢ Some converted to Islam and Christianity †¢ Most kept traditions and religion For 400 years African army able to keep Europeans out †¢ Until late 1800’s Europe only dominated coast of Africa †¢ Couldn’t navigate rivers †¢ Disease also kept them out †¢ Specialized trade networks †¢ Introduction of steam powered river boats allowed Europeans to dominate more of Africa’s interior †¢ Those who did get in were against slave trade †¢ People learned about Africa through their publications The Congo Sparks Interest: †¢ Dr. David Livi ngstone traveled with group of Africans into deep Africa to promote Christianity †¢ Several years past and people thought he was dead Henry Stanley went to find him and succeeded †¢ Stanley wanted to trace course of Congo River †¢ In 1879 and 1882 Stanley signed treaties with local chiefs of the Congo River Valley †¢ Gave King Leopold II of Belgium control of these lands †¢ Leopold II claimed wanted to abolish slave trade and promote Christianity †¢ Brutally exploited Africans by forcing them to collect sap from rubber plants †¢ About 10 million Africans died due to abuse In 1908 Belgian govt. took control of Congo away from king †¢ Congo 80x larger than Belgium †¢ This alarmed France because they had signed treated that gave them control of north bank of Congo †¢ Soon More European and Latin American countries began to claim parts of Africa Forces Driving Imperialism †¢ Industrial Revolution drove European countries to obtain m ore land †¢ European countries searched for more markets Europeans viewed themselves as the greatest nation and race †¢ Racism- the belief that one race is superior to others †¢ Social Darwinism- theory that those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were superior to others †¢ Non-Europeans on lower scale of cultural and physical development because didn’t make technological progress †¢ Europeans thought was their job to bring advancements to other countries †¢ European missionaries sought to convert lands to Christianity †¢ Hoped Christianity would bring end to evil practices like slave trade †¢ Also wanted to civilize landsFactors promoting Imperialism in Africa: †¢ European’s technological superiority †¢ Europeans had guns †¢ Europeans had steam engines that allowed them to control deep Africa †¢ Europeans had railroads, cables, and steamships that allowed them to communicate within colony and to controlling nation †¢ Drug quinine prevented Europeans from catching diseases †¢ Africa wasn’t unified due to diversity and wars fought between different ethnic groups Divison of Africa: †¢ Discoveries of diamonds and gold in south Africa increased European’s interest in conquering Africa †¢ All European countries became part of raceBerlin conference divides Africa: †¢ Berlin Conference- 14 European nations who met to lay down rules for the division of Africa †¢ Competition between European countries †¢ Any country could conquer land but had to notify other European countries †¢ How Africans felt about it wasn’t a factor †¢ Didn’t pay attention to how ethnic and linguistic groups in Africa were distributed †¢ By 1914 only Liberia and Ethiopia were free from European control Demand for Raw Materials Shapes Colonies: †¢ During colonization Europeans believed Africans would buy their goods †¢ Only few Africans did this Businesses still needed raw materials †¢ Greatest wealth obtained from Africa was large mineral sources †¢ Congo contained copper and tin †¢ This nothing compared to diamonds and gold in south Africa †¢ Developed cash crop: peanuts, palm oil, cocoa, and rubber †¢ Replaced food crops needed by farmers to feed families Three Groups Clash over South Africa: †¢ Zulu chief, Shaka used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create large centralized state †¢ Shaka’s successors unable to keep control †¢ Zulu nation eventually fell to British controlBoers and British Settle in the Cape: †¢ Boers- Dutch settlers (Boer=farmer in Dutch) who took African’s land and established large farms †¢ When British took control of Cape Colony there was clash over British policy of slaves and land †¢ Boers moved north in Great Trek to escape from British †¢ Started fighting fie rcely with Zulu and other African groups whose land was getting taken †¢ When Diamonds and gold found in south Africa Boers tried to keep outsiders from gaining political rights †¢ British tried to rebel against Boers and failed Boers rose against British in Boer war †¢ The war was brutal (no mercy) †¢ Many black southern Africans also participated †¢ Many were captured and put in British concentration camps †¢ Britain won war †¢ Europeans made efforts to change political, social and economic lives of people they conquered Section 2: Imperialism: †¢ Imperialism of 18th and 19th century different than previous imperialism †¢ Europeans demanded more influence over all aspects of African lives †¢ Determined to shape economies to help benefit European economies †¢ Wanted people to adopt European customsForms of Control: †¢ 4 types: o Colony- a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power o Protectorate- A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power o Sphere of influence- an area in which and outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges o Economic imperialism- an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other govts. †¢ Also had direct and indirect control †¢ Britain and U. S. preferred indirect France and most other European nations preferred direct †¢ Indirect control: o Relied on existing political rulers o Rulers adopted British Authority o Rulers handled much of daily management of colony o Each colony had legislative council: ? Colonial officials ? Local merchants ? Professionals ? Colonial governor †¢ Direct Control: †¢ French and other European didn’t think Africans could run country †¢ Paternalism- the idea that the people in authority restrict freedoms to their subordinates for the subordinates’ good †¢ Gave them n eeds but not rights Europeans brought in own bureaucrats †¢ Didn’t train Africans in European methods of govt. †¢ Assimilation- the idea that the local population would adopt the superior culture in order to become more like them †¢ Africans adopted French culture †¢ All schools, courts, and businesses patterned after French institutions †¢ In practice idea of assimilation abandoned †¢ French resided to indirect control †¢ Recognized African culture but saw it as inferior |Indirect Control |Direct control | |Local govt. fficials used: |Foreign officials brought in to rule | |Limited self-rule |No self rule | |Goal: to develop future leaders |Goal: assimilation | |Govt. institutions based on European styles but may have |Govt. institutions are based only on European styles | |local rules | |A British Colony: †¢ Britain gained control of southern Nigeria †¢ Some local rulers agreed to sign treaties of protection and accept British r esidents †¢ Others opposed intervention and rebelled against it †¢ British defeated rebellions †¢ Royal Niger Comp. gained control of palm oil trade over Niger River Delta †¢ In 1914 British claimed entire Nigeria as colony Managing the Colony: †¢ Nigeria culturally diverse †¢ Three main groups were: o Hausa-Fulani: ? Muslim ? Had strong central govt. o Yoruba Followed traditional religion ? Relied on chiefs for control o Igbo ? Same as Yoruba †¢ Didn’t have enough British troops to govern such complex area †¢ British resided to indirect control †¢ Worked well with Hausa-Fulani but not with other two groups †¢ Local chiefs of Yoruba and Igbo resented limited power African Resistance: †¢ Africans resisted European attempts to colonize †¢ But Europeans had more advanced weaponry †¢ Therefore, Africans didn’t succeed in most cases Unsuccessful Movements: There was resistance and resistance through religious movements †¢ Algeria’s almost 50 year resistance against France †¢ West Africa’s Samori Toure’s 16 year resistance against France †¢ African villagers resisted Germans in spiritual defense o Believed magic water would turn German’s bullets to water o 20 groups came together and fought against Germans o Fighters believed God and their ancestors would return to life and assist them o Over 75,000 Africans died o Twice that many Africans died in famine to follow o Germans shocked and passed some reformsEthiopia: A successful Resistance †¢ Only African nation that successfully resisted Europeans †¢ Menelik II- became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889 †¢ Successfully played Italians, French, and British against each other †¢ Built up large arsenal of modern weapons he purchased from Russia and France †¢ Menelik II signed treaty with Italy while Italians were invading the country †¢ Menelik II declared war in 1896 †¢ B attle of Adowa was largest battle in history of Africa †¢ Ethiopians won and kept independence Legacy of Colonial Rule: †¢ Negative effects: Africans lost control of land and independence o Lost many people to disease and rebellion o Famine o Breakdown of traditional culture o Traditional authorities replaced o Homes and properties transferred o People lost jobs o Identity issues o Division of Africa o Unnaturally divided groups o No Unity †¢ Positive Effects: o Local warfare reduced o Sanitation improved o Hospitals o Schools o Lifespans increased o Literacy increased o Economic expansion o Railroads, dams, telephone, telegraph lines built in Africa o However, this only really benefited the EuropeansSection 4: British Imperialism in India: †¢ Area controlled by East India Company grew overtime †¢ Both directly and indirectly governed southern India, Bangladesh, and territory along Ganges River in north †¢ British govt. regulated East India company â₠¬ ¢ Company ruled India without British interference until 19th century †¢ Had own army with British officers †¢ Sepoys- Indian soldiers †¢ Army was dangerous because could easily turn against British Britain’s â€Å"Jewel in the Crown†: †¢ Industrial revolution turned Britain into world’s workshop †¢ India supplied Britain with many raw supplies India’s 3,000,000 people also large potential market for British made goods †¢ India was â€Å"brightest jewel in crown† because it was the most valuable of all Britain’s colonies †¢ British made restrictions that prevented Indian economy from operating on its own †¢ Indians could only produce raw materials for Britain †¢ Indians were not allowed to compete with Britain British Transport Trade Goods: †¢ Railroad system built in India †¢ India became more valuable †¢ Most of raw materials transported included: o Tea o Indigo o Coffee o Cotto n Jute o Opium †¢ Sold trade opium for tea from China †¢ Sold tea in England Impact of Colonialism: Negative impact on India: †¢ British held most of economical and political power †¢ British restricted Indian owned industries †¢ Many villagers couldn’t be self sufficient due to emphasis on cash crop †¢ Food production reduced †¢ Famine †¢ Racism †¢ Forced conversion to Christianity Positive impact on India: †¢ Had world’s third largest railroad system †¢ Railroad system united brought modern economy that India †¢ Sanitation and public health improved India modernized by railroads, telephones, telegraphs, dams, bridges, irrigation canals †¢ Schools and collages founded †¢ Literacy increased †¢ Idea cleared of bandits †¢ Local welfare amongst competing rulers The Sepoy Mutiny: †¢ British controlled most of India †¢ Believed British were trying to convert Indians to Christianity â⠂¬ ¢ There was so much racism †¢ Nationalist idea emerged †¢ The Indians decided to rebel †¢ Gossip spread amongst sepoys that the cartridges of their new rifles were greased with beef and pork fat †¢ To use cartridges Indians had to bite off ends Cows were sacred to them and Muslims didn’t eat pork so they were very angered †¢ Soldiers who refused cartilages were imprisoned †¢ Next day they rebelled †¢ Sepoy Munity- rebellion of the Indian soldiers †¢ Uprising spread from Delhi to much of northern India †¢ British and sepoys tried to slaughter each others armies †¢ Took company more than a year to regain control of country †¢ Indians couldn’t unite against British due to weak leadership and conflict between Hindus and Muslims †¢ Hindus preferred British rule over Muslim ruleTurning Point: †¢ After munity Britain took direct control over India †¢ Raj- British rule after India came under British crown during reign of Queen Victoria †¢ To reward many princes who stayed loyal to company during munity, Britain promised to respect all treaties they had with them †¢ Also promised that Indian states that were still free would remain independent †¢ Regardless, British gained control of free states unofficially †¢ Munity fueled racist attitudes of British Munity increased distrust between Indians and British †¢ Hindus and Muslims felt they were being ruined under British rule Nationalism Surfaces in India: †¢ In early 1800’s some Indians began demanding modernization †¢ Ram Mohum Roy, a modern thinking, well educated Indian began campaign to move away from traditional Indian practices †¢ Ram Mohum Roy believed that if practices weren’t changed India would continue to be controlled by outsiders †¢ Ram Mohum Roy’s writings inspired other Indians to press for social reforms and adopt western ways †¢ Nationalist feelings also began to surface in India Indians hated system that made them second class citizens in own country †¢ Made much less money than British workers Nationalist groups form: †¢ 2 nationalist groups formed: o Indian National Congress in 1885 o Muslim League in 1906 ? Focused on Indian’s concerns ? Wanted self government ? Divided in to Hindu and Muslim section ? Separation made it hard for them to unite in calling for independence ? In 1911 British regained control and divided them differently †¢ Conflict over Indian control continued to develop between Indians and British Key Terms: Imperialism- Seizure of a country or territory by a stronger country †¢ African goods: copper, tin, gold, diamonds, rubber, cocoa, palm oil, and peanuts †¢ Racism- the belief that one race is superior to others †¢ Social Darwinism- theory that those who were fittest for survival enjoyed wealth and success and were superior to others †¢ Berlin Conference- 14 Euro pean nations who met to lay down rules for the division of Africa †¢ Shaka- was a Zulu chief used highly disciplined warriors and good military organization to create large centralized state in South Africa.His successors weren’t as successful †¢ Boers- Dutch settlers (Boer=farmer in Dutch) who took African’s land and established large farms †¢ Boer War- War between British and Boers over land and minerals in which British won †¢ Colony- a country or territory governed internally by a foreign power †¢ Protectorate- A country or territory with its own internal government but under the control of an outside power †¢ Sphere of influence- an area in which and outside power claims exclusive investment or trading privileges †¢ Economic imperialism- an independent but less developed country controlled by private business interests rather than other govts. |Indirect Control |Direct control | |Local govt. officials used: Foreign officials bro ught in to rule | |Limited self-rule |No self rule | |Goal: to develop future leaders |Goal: assimilation | |Govt. institutions based on European styles but may have |Govt. institutions are based only on European styles | |local rules | | †¢ India was â€Å"brightest jewel in crown† because it was the most valuable of all Britain’s colonies †¢ Indian goods: Tea, Indigo, Coffee, Cotton, Jute, and Opium †¢ Menelik II- became emperor of Ethiopia in 1889.He was the only one who was successful at preventing his state (Ethiopia) from being conquered. †¢ Sepoys- Indian soldiers †¢ Sepoy Munity- rebellion of the Indian soldiers †¢ Raj- British rule after India came under British crown during reign of Queen Victoria †¢ Ram Mohum Roy- a modern thinking, well educated Indian began campaign to move away from traditional Indian practices and bring nationalism †¢ Paternalism- the idea that the people in authority restrict freedoms to their sub ordinates for the subordinates’ good †¢ Assimilation- the idea that the local population would adopt the superior culture in order to become more like them †¢

M.A. Project Work

Publication Month & Year :  July 2009 Authors:  Mora Sowjanya & Dr. Lokanandha Reddy Irala Industry:  Automobiles Region:  India Abstract: The objective of this case study is to illustrate the lessons of capital investment decisions through Tata Motor’s Nano project. In 2003, Ratan Tata, chairman of Tata Group, announced his vision of designing a safe and affordable car for the common man. However, right from its inception, the project had gone through several hurdles.Finally, overcoming all the financial, technical and social challenges, Nano, acclaimed as the world’s cheapest car, was launched amidst much hype and attention from all sections of media. While giving a brief on the entire journey of Nano from the origin of the idea to its launch, the case study highlights the importance of quantitative and qualitative factors in the evaluation of capital investment decisions.Besides, it provides the learning opportunities to discuss the nature of the capital budg eting decisions and its various types. Pedagogical Objectives: * To understand the nature of Tata’s Nano project and analyse the sequence of events that marked the launch of Nano * To derive relevant capital investment lessons from the way Nano project was conceived, handled and executed * To debate on the role of qualitative parameters in capital investment decisions and weighing the magainst quantitative analysis.Keywords :  Initial Capital Outlay; Qualitative Factors; Capital Investments; Irreversible projects; Capital Budgeting; Strategic; Long-term planning; MBA; Corporate Finance; Financial Management; Finance for Managers; Business Finance; Principles of Financial Management; Course Case Maps; Course Case Packs; Managerial Finance; Financial Management Course Case Pack; Financial Management Course Case capital budgeting of tata motors,  capital budgeting of tata nano,  capital budgeting technique of tata nano,  tata motors capital budgeting,  capital budget o f tata motors,  capital budgeting of tata pdf,  tata com motor from capital budeting,  tata com from capital budeting,  capital budgeting statement of tata motors,  capital budgeting of tata motors of 2012,  capital budgeting of tata motors in pdf,  capital budgeting of tata steel,  showing capital budgeting of tata motors,  capital budget of tata,  capita budget of tata moters,  capital budget of tata nano,project report capital budgeting of tata motors,

Boucheron Luxury Brands Market Research

Legend has it that he chose 26 Place Vendome, where Boucheron remains to our days, because it was sunniest corner of this square. He believed that the diamonds in the windows will sparkle all brilliantly. Czar Alexander III was a client, as was his son, the doomed Nicholas II. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother was especially fond of Boucheron tiara which she inherited from Lady Greville, who originally purchased it from the House. Her grand son Prince Charles passed the tiara onto his wife Camille, Duchess of Cornwall as a wedding gift. Queen Elizabeth of England also has a collection of Boucheron jewels as did Wallis Simpson the Duchess of Windsor. American royalty are also collectors of Boucheron creations. Household names like Astors, Vanderbilts and Rockefellers have returned again and again to this jeweler for exceptional pieces of High Jewelry. Actors and artisits have also been fans of Boucheron since it opened its doors 150 years ago. Caroline otero, the temptress known as La Belle Otero, when she was a cabaret dancer at the return of the 19th century was a Boucheron enthusiast as was the famed theater actress Sarah Bernhardt and the writers Oscar Wilde and Marcel Proust. Why film stars including Greta Garbo, Rita Hayworth, Penelope Cruz, Cameron Diaz, Kristin Scott Thomas, Rachel Weisz and Diane Kruger have all come under the Boucheron spell of spectacular creations. TIMELINE: 858- Frederic Boucheron opens his first store in the Galerie de Valois at Palais Royal, during the heyday of the Second Empire. 1866- Boucheron creates its atelier. 1867- Paris Universal Exhibition: Frederic Boucheron wins his first Gold Medal only 9 years after opening his firs boutique. 1878 – Paris Universal Exhibition: The Foliage necklace, a sapphire and diamond set with a central sapphire of 159 carats, created for Mrs. H. Mackay, wins the Grand Prize. 1883- The Russian Prince Felix Yousoupoff purchases a corsage decorated with 6 detachable diamond bows during one of his visits to Paris. 893- Frederic Boucheron moves to 26 Place Vendome in the residence of the Countess of Castiglione. He opens the largest boutique on the square. 1898- Boucheron opens a store in Moscow, later transferred to St. Petersburg in 1911. 1902- Frederic Boucheron dies, his son Louis cucceeds him. 1921- Boucheron is commissioned to make tiara for Lady Greville; it was later given to England`s Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. 1928- Louis Boucheron is asked by the Maharajah of Patiala to Set the stones of his treasure, which are brought to the Place Vendome boutique by the private guards of the Prince. 930- The Shah of Iran asks Louis Boucheron to assess the Imperial Treasure of Persia and issues a decree naming him Official Curator and Guardian of the Treasure. 1959- Louis Boucheron dies, leaving his sons Fred and Gerard in charge of the business. Edith Piaf, the most popular French Singer of her time, purchases a Boucheron watch for the love of her life, Marcel Cerdan. 1962- Fred Boucheron retires, leaving his brother Gerard as head of the establishment. 1970- In the 1970s the best selling snake line was created. 1973- Boucheron`s first boutique opens in Japan. 980- Gerard Boucheron retires and Alain Boucheron becomes a president and General Director. 1988- Boucheron launches its first women`s fragrance in a ring shaped bottle. 1994- Boucheron takes of a new development in the sector of fashion accessories: The Boucheron Eyewear Collection. Boucheron sells to Schweizerhall. 2000- Gucci Group acquires the House of Boucheron. 2002- Boucheron launches the â€Å"Beaute geois† collection. 2003- Boucheron launches the â€Å"Not Bourgeois† collection 2004- Gucci Group is fully acquired by PPR. Jean-Christophe Bedois is appointed CEO. The â€Å"Jaipur† High Jewelry line and the â€Å"Dechainee† collections are launched. 2005- Launch of four new jewelry lines: Trouble, Quatre, Diablotine, Vingt-Six. Boucheron opens its firs boutique in Shanghai and its first flagship in Dubai. The start of the â€Å"Trouble Desir† High Jewelry Collection. 2006- Boucheron and Alexander McQueen collaborates together to create a limited edition Novak bag that incorporates the snake motif of Boucheron`s Trouble line. Boucheron opens its first boutique in Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur. Launch of the â€Å" Exquises Confinces† line. 008- Boucheron marks its 150th anniversary with a yearlong celebration. CONCEPT AND UNIQUENESS The concept of Boucheron is to appeal to high-end customers who look for something unique in their jewelry. Through meeting target customers standards about design, materials, price and brand Boucheron has created a market for luxury haute couture jewelry. Customers also appreciate the fact that all collections are manufactured in small quantities and that stones of the highest quality are used; in addition to diamonds, also sapphires, amethysts, emeralds, coral, onyx, and jade. We wanted to develop innovative and creative way to introduce our rich heritage and approach to fine jewelry in way that enchants, amazes and amuses. We have a rich history that is beautifully brought alive. † Jean Christophe-Bedos, President, Boucheron The Responsible Jewellery Council (RJC) has announced in 2011 that Boucheron has achieved certification by meeting the ethical, human rights, social and environmental standards as established by the RJC’s Member Certification System. â€Å"RJC warmly congratulates Boucheron on its certification. The successful verification assessment of Boucheron was conducted by Philippe Arnaud from KPMG France, one of the independent third-party auditing firms accredited to the RJC’s Member Certification System† Michael Rae, RJC’s Chief Executive Officer. â€Å"Since 1858, Boucheron has adhered to the highest standards not only in the spectacular designs of its creations but also in upholding its strong ethical code. The RJC certification corresponds to the House’s continued endeavor to embody excellence and responsible business practices both internally and externally; a commitment we share across the PPR Group† Pierre Bouissou, Boucheron’s CEO BUSINESS STRATEGY With the understanding that the conservative way was not an option, Boucheron plays on its long history of rousing the passions of sensual desire. This attitude has driven Boucheron’s design and delicate craftsmanship and resulted in a heritage of enthusiastic stories and myths. Today it could motivate an entirely new approach to the market. The House’s individual legacy sharped a way to connect the new luxury consumer on a essentially more personal, more passionate and less superficial level. Boucheron has formed a marketplace approach that brings many industry innovations – a new service that redefines how the HNWI can experience and enjoy luxury jewelry; an exclusive retail concept that can voyage to the client rather than sit and wait for them; and product idea that raises the craft of the brand to the peak levels of art and business When Boucheron has entered the US market the first element of the strategy was a â€Å"Desir†, a collaboration with the creators of Spiegelworld, that brings alive the rich history of Boucheron in an personal and inspirational 100 year old hall of mirrors. It was launched in New York in August 2008 and was set to benefit from a sellout three-month run at the South Seaport before opening two-year tour of US’s most significant Luxury markets. â€Å"Set in a turn of the fin-de-siecle nightclub, Desir is meeting place for showgirls and soldiers, bejeweled courtesans and maharajahs, a carnival world devoted to the pursuit of beauty, clever seductions and breathtaking displays of acrobatic wonder. It is a sparkling merry-go-round where the last love affair is merely an entree to the next encounter. More than any show in New York I can think of, Desir, with its cavalcade of professional beauties, does inspire thoughts of a time when well-dressed admirers queued up at dressing-room doors bearing gifts of flowers and jewelry. As for me, I’m thinking of coming back with a bouquet of catnip for that charming, fluffy-haired Persian who stopped the show when it walked a tightrope. † Ben Brantley, New York Times. Additionally to the show there was the Boutique Desir, a traveling boutique where, guests can find out Boucheron’s universe and its creations; can touch, try and familiarize themselves with the pieces in a private ambiance. Clients were then invited to the exclusive Bar Vendome, a VIP lounge where they could get pleasure from an memorable evening under the stars. Boucheron chose to launch their products in the BRIC countries as well, which consists of some of the most emerging markets in the world today. Additionally, the Middle East and India are also two extremely important markets for Boucheron, partly due to the strong responsiveness for jewelry. The sales in these countries are larger than in the western countries and the luxury company is exploiting the new wealth of the generations with high luxury awareness and taste. MARKETING MIX Product: Boucheron sells hand-made haute-couture luxury jewelry made from fine materials like gold, platinum, diamonds, emeralds and sapphires. Along with every purchase the buyer receives superior service and is entitled to service which assists users with exclusive services like delivery and customization. One of the Boucheron`s specialties is color. Clients easily can distinguish  Boucheron’s line of jewelry  by its designs. Its signature is visible in the form of motifs like floral, peacock feathers and snakes. Boucheron produces: * Necklaces * Pendants Bracelets * Brooches * Cufflinks * Earrings * Rings * Wedding Jewelry * Watches * Perfumes (18 editions) * Sunglasses Price: Boucheron prices range: Rings from 2. 000 eur up to 30. 000 eur Earrings from 4. 000 eur to 41. 800 eur Necklaces from 12. 000 eur to 1. 000. 000 eur Brooches from 5. 000eur to 10. 400 eur The prices vary with the different collections and the materials that are used in them. Place: Boucheron jewelry is very selectively distributed. It is available at company-owned boutiques and flagship stores like London Jewelers, Goldsmiths, and Colette. They recent store was opened in Doha`s West Bay community in Middle East. In keeping with its global design concept, the space is decorated using its signature aubergine and gold colour palette and affluent wooden decor. The Doha boutique domiciled Boucheron’s iconic most collections, along with a range of exquisite high jeweler’s creations. Boucheron locates its stores in luxury shopping districts, famous â€Å"Golden Triangles† of large metropolitan areas and opens relatively few stores. Today, Boucheron operates more than 50 boutiques and over 100 certified retailers worldwide in addition to an online sales website. The boutiques are, intimate and have a luxury feeling. All sale locations can be found on www. boucheron. fr . Promotion: Boucheron acquires much publicity from sales to celebrities like: * Chanel Iman * Diane Kruger * Natalia Vodianova * Kira Knightley * Julianne Moore * Raquel Zimmermann * Anne Hathaway * Mary-Kate Olsen * Natsha Poly * Lily Donaldson * Salma Hayek * And many others As well Boucheron has collaborated with Vertu. Boucheron launches diverse collections at different times and only makes a certain number of some jewels in order to keep a prestigious image and be a focus for HNWI. Boucheron has an own website for publicity which features product descriptions and prices. Mostly promotion is running in Fashion Magazines like Vogue. POSITIONING Seeking to embody the opulence and grandeur of Parisienne life, Boucheron draws often upon iconic French women, each epitomizing a facet of the golden age, to act as muses in the creation of distinct sets of jewelry. Each woman has its own distinctive way of wearing jewelry, which is the privilege of a woman, but she can vary own excitement strategy. Blink of an eye, the center will become a decorative pattern of brooches, pendants into earrings, necklace, or a deduction into a multifaceted hairpin. Boucheron blends the art of seduction and a charm with a woman`s desire to wear jewelry. Boucheron has positioned itself as the top-of-the-line targeting HNWI. Boucheron achieving this by using only the finest materials to create their products which are all handcrafted ensuring that every product is of perfect quality. Boucheron will launch different collections each featuring different materials and designs which make the collections unique and prestigious; their most expensive line ever was a necklace Julia which cost 800,000eur and Boucheron snake necklace for Maison du Chocolat which costs 900. 000 eur. Boucheron collaborated with VERU luxury mobile phone maker, to extend their success and increase awareness in the luxury product world. Boucheron offers superior and personalized service to its clients, guaranteeing customer satisfaction and loyalty. They also position hemselves by showcasing the celebrities who own their products as an indication that their products are for the rich and famous. Boucheron has flagship stores all over the world in 50 countries however they open relatively few boutiques solely in luxury shopping districts of large cities and thus are considered selectively distributed. Boucheron boutiques are decadent, small, intimate venues which offer personalized service to cli ents wishing to make a purchase. Boucheron house very successfully preserves a prominent image with its ultra-luxurious products and superior service through its positioning. TARGET CONSUMER The Boucheron jewelry is a highly luxurious product, which doubtlessly is made to fit the extremely wealthy population of this world. The main customers are rich and found in the urban areas, who are constantly searching for the extraordinary products. Furthermore, their flagship stores are situated in the finest areas, in order to attract the highly rich international shoppers. CONSUMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY PYRAMID Brand Salience For Boucheron achieving right brand identity involves brand salience. Only richest people are aware of Boucheron because promotion is quite narrow. However their target consumer for sure can recall and recognize this brand. So conclusion here is that Brand salience is more depth than breadth. This basically means that even thou there are not yet many people knowing Boucheron, but those who do, they know all insights of it, can easily remember it and realize what this brand is about. Brand Performance The product itself is at the heart of brand equity, as it is the primary influence of what consumers experience with a brand, what they hear about the brand from others, and what the brand can tell customers about the brand in their communication. Brand Performance relates to the ways in which the product or service attempts to meet customers` functional needs. This is on top level for Boucheron brand. It is crucial to contribute to customers` desires, wants and needs. Boucheron brand highly represents all what their HNWI customers want to have for paying a high price. The product is highly durable; it has distinctive logo, premium pricing and quality handcraft. All customer services provided for clients by Boucheron also attributes to brand`s performance. Brand Imagery Another variable CBBE Pyramid is second type of brand meaning which involves brand imagery. Imagery deals with such a properties of a product, which meets customers` psychological needs. It is more about what people think of it, how they see it. Boucheron imagery is extremely individualistic and stylish. When customer is buying Boucheron cell he/she buys a beauty of it. As of Boucheron customer has a strong judgment of a brand as high quality luxury product. Credibility is high and customer see Boucheron as superior, advantageous brand. Brand Judgments Brand judgments focus upon customers` personal opinions and evaluation with regard to brand. This involves how consumer put together all from performance and imagery association to make kind of an evaluation. Boucheron clients evaluate this brand as a high quality luxury brand. Brand Feelings This variable shows emotional response with respect to Boucheron brand. It shows what feelings are evoked by the marketing strategy for the Boucheron and how does it affect feelings about themselves and relationships with others. Customer of Boucheron is for sure status-conscious person. Customers of Boucheron have a unique and warmth feeling about the brand. It can be exciting due to special relationship of beauty and handcraft in brand`s products. Customer feels it is trendy and relates to special status and therefore social approval. Customer feels high security within this brand due to all advantages provided. As Boucheron makes consumer feel better self-respect, pride, fulfillment and accomplishment also occurs. Brand Resonance Final variable of pyramid shows brand relationships with a customer based on Salience, Performance, Imagery, Judgments and Feelings. As for Boucheron even if general awareness is low the behavioral loyalty is very high, customer want to get back to this brand, consequently repeat purchase is possible. Brand loyalty is necessary but not sufficient for resonance to occur. Within Boucheron brand customer is not returning to this brand again due to, for example, scarce of substitutes. Boucheron attained their main goal- strong personal attachment to brand. SWOT ANALISYS FOR BOUCHERON STRENGTH * Masterpiece of design and craftsmanship * Innovative brand Strong reputation (Products have established strong reputation in their field) * Global expansion (Includes significant growth over last 10 years) * Customer service * Control of Quality WEAKNESSES * Extremely high production price (which leads to high product price) * Limited access as distribution is exclusive and limited * Not enough practical promotion and advertising OPPORTUNITIES * Emerging markets * Mix Boucheron styling with some big Fashion Brand like Gucci * C hange of consumer lifestyle (growing demand from young and senior people) THREATS Increasing Quality of Competing Products and Number of those * Importance of counterfeiting COMPETITORS * GRAFF * VAN CLEEF ; ARPELS * PIAGET REFERENCES http://luxurysociety. com/articles/2012/01/the-latest-boutiques-burberry-bally-boucheron http://www. luxury-insider. com/luxury-news/2010/03/boucheron-jewellery-show-at-mandarin-oriental-hk http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Boucheron http://www. verybest. com/cat/49/jewelry/235/2/ http://jewelhistory. com/2010/10/27/in-and-around-town/ http://www. mycompanion. cz/en/list/boucheron-paris-boutique Boucheron Luxury Brands Market Research Legend has it that he chose 26 Place Vendome, where Boucheron remains to our days, because it was sunniest corner of this square. He believed that the diamonds in the windows will sparkle all brilliantly. Czar Alexander III was a client, as was his son, the doomed Nicholas II. Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother was especially fond of Boucheron tiara which she inherited from Lady Greville, who originally purchased it from the House. Her grand son Prince Charles passed the tiara onto his wife Camille, Duchess of Cornwall as a wedding gift. Queen Elizabeth of England also has a collection of Boucheron jewels as did Wallis Simpson the Duchess of Windsor. American royalty are also collectors of Boucheron creations. Household names like Astors, Vanderbilts and Rockefellers have returned again and again to this jeweler for exceptional pieces of High Jewelry. Actors and artisits have also been fans of Boucheron since it opened its doors 150 years ago. Caroline otero, the temptress known as La Belle Otero, when she was a cabaret dancer at the return of the 19th century was a Boucheron enthusiast as was the famed theater actress Sarah Bernhardt and the writers Oscar Wilde and Marcel Proust. Why film stars including Greta Garbo, Rita Hayworth, Penelope Cruz, Cameron Diaz, Kristin Scott Thomas, Rachel Weisz and Diane Kruger have all come under the Boucheron spell of spectacular creations. TIMELINE: 858- Frederic Boucheron opens his first store in the Galerie de Valois at Palais Royal, during the heyday of the Second Empire. 1866- Boucheron creates its atelier. 1867- Paris Universal Exhibition: Frederic Boucheron wins his first Gold Medal only 9 years after opening his firs boutique. 1878 – Paris Universal Exhibition: The Foliage necklace, a sapphire and diamond set with a central sapphire of 159 carats, created for Mrs. H. Mackay, wins the Grand Prize. 1883- The Russian Prince Felix Yousoupoff purchases a corsage decorated with 6 detachable diamond bows during one of his visits to Paris. 893- Frederic Boucheron moves to 26 Place Vendome in the residence of the Countess of Castiglione. He opens the largest boutique on the square. 1898- Boucheron opens a store in Moscow, later transferred to St. Petersburg in 1911. 1902- Frederic Boucheron dies, his son Louis cucceeds him. 1921- Boucheron is commissioned to make tiara for Lady Greville; it was later given to England`s Queen Elizabeth, the Queen Mother. 1928- Louis Boucheron is asked by the Maharajah of Patiala to Set the stones of his treasure, which are brought to the Place Vendome boutique by the private guards of the Prince. 930- The Shah of Iran asks Louis Boucheron to assess the Imperial Treasure of Persia and issues a decree naming him Official Curator and Guardian of the Treasure. 1959- Louis Boucheron dies, leaving his sons Fred and Gerard in charge of the business. Edith Piaf, the most popular French Singer of her time, purchases a Boucheron watch for the love of her life, Marcel Cerdan. 1962- Fred Boucheron retires, leaving his brother Gerard as head of the establishment. 1970- In the 1970s the best selling snake line was created. 1973- Boucheron`s first boutique opens in Japan. 980- Gerard Boucheron retires and Alain Boucheron becomes a president and General Director. 1988- Boucheron launches its first women`s fragrance in a ring shaped bottle. 1994- Boucheron takes of a new development in the sector of fashion accessories: The Boucheron Eyewear Collection. Boucheron sells to Schweizerhall. 2000- Gucci Group acquires the House of Boucheron. 2002- Boucheron launches the â€Å"Beaute geois† collection. 2003- Boucheron launches the â€Å"Not Bourgeois† collection 2004- Gucci Group is fully acquired by PPR. Jean-Christophe Bedois is appointed CEO. The â€Å"Jaipur† High Jewelry line and the â€Å"Dechainee† collections are launched. 2005- Launch of four new jewelry lines: Trouble, Quatre, Diablotine, Vingt-Six. Boucheron opens its firs boutique in Shanghai and its first flagship in Dubai. The start of the â€Å"Trouble Desir† High Jewelry Collection. 2006- Boucheron and Alexander McQueen collaborates together to create a limited edition Novak bag that incorporates the snake motif of Boucheron`s Trouble line. Boucheron opens its first boutique in Hong Kong and Kuala Lumpur. Launch of the â€Å" Exquises Confinces† line. 008- Boucheron marks its 150th anniversary with a yearlong celebration. CONCEPT AND UNIQUENESS The concept of Boucheron is to appeal to high-end customers who look for something unique in their jewelry. Through meeting target customers standards about design, materials, price and brand Boucheron has created a market for luxury haute couture jewelry. Customers also appreciate the fact that all collections are manufactured in small quantities and that stones of the highest quality are used; in addition to diamonds, also sapphires, amethysts, emeralds, coral, onyx, and jade. We wanted to develop innovative and creative way to introduce our rich heritage and approach to fine jewelry in way that enchants, amazes and amuses. We have a rich history that is beautifully brought alive. † Jean Christophe-Bedos, President, Boucheron The Responsible Jewellery Council (RJC) has announced in 2011 that Boucheron has achieved certification by meeting the ethical, human rights, social and environmental standards as established by the RJC’s Member Certification System. â€Å"RJC warmly congratulates Boucheron on its certification. The successful verification assessment of Boucheron was conducted by Philippe Arnaud from KPMG France, one of the independent third-party auditing firms accredited to the RJC’s Member Certification System† Michael Rae, RJC’s Chief Executive Officer. â€Å"Since 1858, Boucheron has adhered to the highest standards not only in the spectacular designs of its creations but also in upholding its strong ethical code. The RJC certification corresponds to the House’s continued endeavor to embody excellence and responsible business practices both internally and externally; a commitment we share across the PPR Group† Pierre Bouissou, Boucheron’s CEO BUSINESS STRATEGY With the understanding that the conservative way was not an option, Boucheron plays on its long history of rousing the passions of sensual desire. This attitude has driven Boucheron’s design and delicate craftsmanship and resulted in a heritage of enthusiastic stories and myths. Today it could motivate an entirely new approach to the market. The House’s individual legacy sharped a way to connect the new luxury consumer on a essentially more personal, more passionate and less superficial level. Boucheron has formed a marketplace approach that brings many industry innovations – a new service that redefines how the HNWI can experience and enjoy luxury jewelry; an exclusive retail concept that can voyage to the client rather than sit and wait for them; and product idea that raises the craft of the brand to the peak levels of art and business When Boucheron has entered the US market the first element of the strategy was a â€Å"Desir†, a collaboration with the creators of Spiegelworld, that brings alive the rich history of Boucheron in an personal and inspirational 100 year old hall of mirrors. It was launched in New York in August 2008 and was set to benefit from a sellout three-month run at the South Seaport before opening two-year tour of US’s most significant Luxury markets. â€Å"Set in a turn of the fin-de-siecle nightclub, Desir is meeting place for showgirls and soldiers, bejeweled courtesans and maharajahs, a carnival world devoted to the pursuit of beauty, clever seductions and breathtaking displays of acrobatic wonder. It is a sparkling merry-go-round where the last love affair is merely an entree to the next encounter. More than any show in New York I can think of, Desir, with its cavalcade of professional beauties, does inspire thoughts of a time when well-dressed admirers queued up at dressing-room doors bearing gifts of flowers and jewelry. As for me, I’m thinking of coming back with a bouquet of catnip for that charming, fluffy-haired Persian who stopped the show when it walked a tightrope. † Ben Brantley, New York Times. Additionally to the show there was the Boutique Desir, a traveling boutique where, guests can find out Boucheron’s universe and its creations; can touch, try and familiarize themselves with the pieces in a private ambiance. Clients were then invited to the exclusive Bar Vendome, a VIP lounge where they could get pleasure from an memorable evening under the stars. Boucheron chose to launch their products in the BRIC countries as well, which consists of some of the most emerging markets in the world today. Additionally, the Middle East and India are also two extremely important markets for Boucheron, partly due to the strong responsiveness for jewelry. The sales in these countries are larger than in the western countries and the luxury company is exploiting the new wealth of the generations with high luxury awareness and taste. MARKETING MIX Product: Boucheron sells hand-made haute-couture luxury jewelry made from fine materials like gold, platinum, diamonds, emeralds and sapphires. Along with every purchase the buyer receives superior service and is entitled to service which assists users with exclusive services like delivery and customization. One of the Boucheron`s specialties is color. Clients easily can distinguish  Boucheron’s line of jewelry  by its designs. Its signature is visible in the form of motifs like floral, peacock feathers and snakes. Boucheron produces: * Necklaces * Pendants Bracelets * Brooches * Cufflinks * Earrings * Rings * Wedding Jewelry * Watches * Perfumes (18 editions) * Sunglasses Price: Boucheron prices range: Rings from 2. 000 eur up to 30. 000 eur Earrings from 4. 000 eur to 41. 800 eur Necklaces from 12. 000 eur to 1. 000. 000 eur Brooches from 5. 000eur to 10. 400 eur The prices vary with the different collections and the materials that are used in them. Place: Boucheron jewelry is very selectively distributed. It is available at company-owned boutiques and flagship stores like London Jewelers, Goldsmiths, and Colette. They recent store was opened in Doha`s West Bay community in Middle East. In keeping with its global design concept, the space is decorated using its signature aubergine and gold colour palette and affluent wooden decor. The Doha boutique domiciled Boucheron’s iconic most collections, along with a range of exquisite high jeweler’s creations. Boucheron locates its stores in luxury shopping districts, famous â€Å"Golden Triangles† of large metropolitan areas and opens relatively few stores. Today, Boucheron operates more than 50 boutiques and over 100 certified retailers worldwide in addition to an online sales website. The boutiques are, intimate and have a luxury feeling. All sale locations can be found on www. boucheron. fr . Promotion: Boucheron acquires much publicity from sales to celebrities like: * Chanel Iman * Diane Kruger * Natalia Vodianova * Kira Knightley * Julianne Moore * Raquel Zimmermann * Anne Hathaway * Mary-Kate Olsen * Natsha Poly * Lily Donaldson * Salma Hayek * And many others As well Boucheron has collaborated with Vertu. Boucheron launches diverse collections at different times and only makes a certain number of some jewels in order to keep a prestigious image and be a focus for HNWI. Boucheron has an own website for publicity which features product descriptions and prices. Mostly promotion is running in Fashion Magazines like Vogue. POSITIONING Seeking to embody the opulence and grandeur of Parisienne life, Boucheron draws often upon iconic French women, each epitomizing a facet of the golden age, to act as muses in the creation of distinct sets of jewelry. Each woman has its own distinctive way of wearing jewelry, which is the privilege of a woman, but she can vary own excitement strategy. Blink of an eye, the center will become a decorative pattern of brooches, pendants into earrings, necklace, or a deduction into a multifaceted hairpin. Boucheron blends the art of seduction and a charm with a woman`s desire to wear jewelry. Boucheron has positioned itself as the top-of-the-line targeting HNWI. Boucheron achieving this by using only the finest materials to create their products which are all handcrafted ensuring that every product is of perfect quality. Boucheron will launch different collections each featuring different materials and designs which make the collections unique and prestigious; their most expensive line ever was a necklace Julia which cost 800,000eur and Boucheron snake necklace for Maison du Chocolat which costs 900. 000 eur. Boucheron collaborated with VERU luxury mobile phone maker, to extend their success and increase awareness in the luxury product world. Boucheron offers superior and personalized service to its clients, guaranteeing customer satisfaction and loyalty. They also position hemselves by showcasing the celebrities who own their products as an indication that their products are for the rich and famous. Boucheron has flagship stores all over the world in 50 countries however they open relatively few boutiques solely in luxury shopping districts of large cities and thus are considered selectively distributed. Boucheron boutiques are decadent, small, intimate venues which offer personalized service to cli ents wishing to make a purchase. Boucheron house very successfully preserves a prominent image with its ultra-luxurious products and superior service through its positioning. TARGET CONSUMER The Boucheron jewelry is a highly luxurious product, which doubtlessly is made to fit the extremely wealthy population of this world. The main customers are rich and found in the urban areas, who are constantly searching for the extraordinary products. Furthermore, their flagship stores are situated in the finest areas, in order to attract the highly rich international shoppers. CONSUMER-BASED BRAND EQUITY PYRAMID Brand Salience For Boucheron achieving right brand identity involves brand salience. Only richest people are aware of Boucheron because promotion is quite narrow. However their target consumer for sure can recall and recognize this brand. So conclusion here is that Brand salience is more depth than breadth. This basically means that even thou there are not yet many people knowing Boucheron, but those who do, they know all insights of it, can easily remember it and realize what this brand is about. Brand Performance The product itself is at the heart of brand equity, as it is the primary influence of what consumers experience with a brand, what they hear about the brand from others, and what the brand can tell customers about the brand in their communication. Brand Performance relates to the ways in which the product or service attempts to meet customers` functional needs. This is on top level for Boucheron brand. It is crucial to contribute to customers` desires, wants and needs. Boucheron brand highly represents all what their HNWI customers want to have for paying a high price. The product is highly durable; it has distinctive logo, premium pricing and quality handcraft. All customer services provided for clients by Boucheron also attributes to brand`s performance. Brand Imagery Another variable CBBE Pyramid is second type of brand meaning which involves brand imagery. Imagery deals with such a properties of a product, which meets customers` psychological needs. It is more about what people think of it, how they see it. Boucheron imagery is extremely individualistic and stylish. When customer is buying Boucheron cell he/she buys a beauty of it. As of Boucheron customer has a strong judgment of a brand as high quality luxury product. Credibility is high and customer see Boucheron as superior, advantageous brand. Brand Judgments Brand judgments focus upon customers` personal opinions and evaluation with regard to brand. This involves how consumer put together all from performance and imagery association to make kind of an evaluation. Boucheron clients evaluate this brand as a high quality luxury brand. Brand Feelings This variable shows emotional response with respect to Boucheron brand. It shows what feelings are evoked by the marketing strategy for the Boucheron and how does it affect feelings about themselves and relationships with others. Customer of Boucheron is for sure status-conscious person. Customers of Boucheron have a unique and warmth feeling about the brand. It can be exciting due to special relationship of beauty and handcraft in brand`s products. Customer feels it is trendy and relates to special status and therefore social approval. Customer feels high security within this brand due to all advantages provided. As Boucheron makes consumer feel better self-respect, pride, fulfillment and accomplishment also occurs. Brand Resonance Final variable of pyramid shows brand relationships with a customer based on Salience, Performance, Imagery, Judgments and Feelings. As for Boucheron even if general awareness is low the behavioral loyalty is very high, customer want to get back to this brand, consequently repeat purchase is possible. Brand loyalty is necessary but not sufficient for resonance to occur. Within Boucheron brand customer is not returning to this brand again due to, for example, scarce of substitutes. Boucheron attained their main goal- strong personal attachment to brand. SWOT ANALISYS FOR BOUCHERON STRENGTH * Masterpiece of design and craftsmanship * Innovative brand Strong reputation (Products have established strong reputation in their field) * Global expansion (Includes significant growth over last 10 years) * Customer service * Control of Quality WEAKNESSES * Extremely high production price (which leads to high product price) * Limited access as distribution is exclusive and limited * Not enough practical promotion and advertising OPPORTUNITIES * Emerging markets * Mix Boucheron styling with some big Fashion Brand like Gucci * C hange of consumer lifestyle (growing demand from young and senior people) THREATS Increasing Quality of Competing Products and Number of those * Importance of counterfeiting COMPETITORS * GRAFF * VAN CLEEF ; ARPELS * PIAGET REFERENCES http://luxurysociety. com/articles/2012/01/the-latest-boutiques-burberry-bally-boucheron http://www. luxury-insider. com/luxury-news/2010/03/boucheron-jewellery-show-at-mandarin-oriental-hk http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Boucheron http://www. verybest. com/cat/49/jewelry/235/2/ http://jewelhistory. com/2010/10/27/in-and-around-town/ http://www. mycompanion. cz/en/list/boucheron-paris-boutique

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Our Countrys Good, Acting Advice For Act Essay Example for Free

Our Countrys Good, Acting Advice For Act Essay The scene starts off with just Ralph. I think I would tell the actor to look studious and intellectual, as Ralph would be making every effort to make the play to a very high standard so he can impress Captain Phillip in the hope of getting the promotion he has desired for some time. The mood should then change as soon as Shitty Meg enters on stage. She should walk on with a tarty stride. She is old and thoroughly unattractive but she makes an over enthused effort to look glamorous and highly sexual. She should move toward Ralph in a very intimidating manor. Her sexual innuendoes should be delivered with a knowledgably bawdy tone and charisma, I can play Lieutenant, I can play with any part you like. When trying to convince Ralph into giving her a part in his play, You dont want a young woman peculiar, Lieutenant, they dont know nothing, I think she should grab Ralphs leg as soon as she says the line; Shut your eyes and Ill play you as tight as a virgin. Ralph should seem very intimidated and should jump up and back away from her in disgust. Meg should continue like this until Ralph has enough and shouts Long! . At this point Meg should be slightly scared of Ralphs anger but she keeps face by accusing Ralph of being a homosexual, We thought you was a madge cull, she should say her lines in a patronising matter-of-fact way to try and lower Ralphs high persona of himself. The comic mood should continue when Sideway comes on the stage. He should be lively and full of character as he is your typical London geezer. He delivers his first few lines with an almost fake admiration for Ralph; I am calling you Mr Clarke as one calls Mr Garick Mr Garick. Sideway should have a very in-your-face attitude to Ralph. Ralph should be very intimidated and suspicious but remain on the spot in a very militaristic manner to give the impress that he is not phased by Sideways very forward and friendly approach. Sideway should be walking around Ralph the whole time to try and show that he is nimble and enthusiastic; top of my profession, Mr Clarke. As Sideway delivers his lines, in a very reflective thoughtful manner, Ralph should gradually ease out of his rigid posture and himself seem to be thinking of the wonderful London which Sideway speaks of; London bridge at dawn. Then when delivering the line plucking up courage, I pluck her, he should remove a handkerchief out from Ralphs back pocket, unknown to the audience or Ralph himself. Then when saying the handkerchiefs he should reveal the handkerchief in a very theatrical way so it is made clear to both the audience and Ralph that Sideway had stolen his handkerchief. Ralph should seem surprised but should then give the impression that he is still very important and pretending almost that nothing had happened. As soon as Dabby and Mary enter, we should realise how different the two characters are. Dabby should be confident and pushy whereas Mary should be quiet and highly reserved. Ralph should be infatuated with Mary as soon as he lays eyes on her. Although he cant take his eyes off her I dont think that Mary is either confident or keen enough yet to achieve eye contact with him. Dabby should push Mary forward quite forcefully after saying her line; You asked to see Mary Brenham, Lieutenant. Here she is. Mary is still very nervous and still doesnt show any sort of interest in Ralph whatsoever. He intimidates her because he is one of the officers and she is also scared because she is about to audition for a play. Ralph should seem keen to want to talk to Mary rather than Dabby, purely because he is smitten with her Do you know what a play is? . Dabby to him is just an annoyance Ive seen lots of plays, Lieutenant, so has Mary. Mary must still remain quiet and nervous (this shown in the stage directions when it says that should say some of her lines inaudibly. Although Dabby is very keen to get Mary her part in the play because she feels that Ralph would be a good person for Mary to be with and sleep with on the ship Mary wants to be in your play, Lieutenant but should be very obvious about the fact that she wants in the play as well and so do I. Ralph wants to make sure he gives Mary the impression that he wants her to be in the play by telling her all of the good things that other people have said about her; The Reverend Johnson told me you could read and write, Brenham. The first time that Ralphs and Marys meet should be when they both start reading the play to each other, whilst there is life there is hope. Every time the two look each other in the eyes when they are reading the play the looks should be held and prolonged to show an obvious attraction from both of them. Ralph for the first time in this scene is above the convicts and seems to have intellectual superiority over the two of them. The actor should say this lines in quite a patronising way not because he wants the convicts to know their place but because that is how he treats everyone This is a comedy, they dont really mean it. Mary should seem very innocent and like a little girl. Especially when Ralph tries to explain the plot of the story which is rather bizarre she falls in love with Silvia. In the stage directions it actually says Mary begins to giggle but tries to hold it back. The mood then changes drastically as soon as Liz enters. Her stride should show that she is aggressive and very confident. Mary should very subtly sneak away and not say anything. Dabby and Liz should give each other evil glares. It says in the stage directions about the characters; each holding her ground, each ready to pounce. Ralph should seem unphased purely because he knows nothing of the hostility between the two characters; Dabby: You cant have her in the play, Lieutenant. Ralph: Why not? Lizs anger just mounts until the point at which she nearly cracks, the stage directions say that she looks briefly at Dabby, as if to strike, then changes her mind. The actress playing Liz should be forward and confident and intimidated by nothing she snatches the book from Ralph and strides off.

Just World Belief and Attitude Toward Jirga

Just World Belief and Attitude Toward Jirga Discussion This study was aimed to investigate the Just world belief and attitude toward jirga among university students. Study shows that the positive attitude toward jirga is positively correlated with just world belief. This shows that people with positive attitude toward jirga system also have high level on JWB. This finding is supported by the theory of â€Å"the belief in a Just life: A fundamental delusion† (Lerner, 1980) .theory purposed that a just world is one in which actions and conditions have predictable and appropriate consequences. When people believe that the consequence of every action is appropriate the also trust the decision making by their elders of jirga cause it support there belief that one will only get what her deserve there is no chance of unjust decisions. Another important finding of the study is, that the level of JWB is high among male students in comparison to female students. JWB is defined as the consequences one faces is because of her own work and what that deserve there. Or in other words â€Å"you reap what you sow†. In our society women are consider weaker them men, Men have more resources and opportunities to fight for their right and get what they want according to Lerner (1980) people are motivated to believe that the world is a just place where people get what they deserve. In most cases women are the once who suffers even if the crime is done by the male member of the family i.e Vani . the sample for this study was conducted from the students of Peshawar many of them belong to the ruler areas where the justice system is week or where judicial system is replaced by the Jirga system, in this kind of situation a men in our society have more power to stand for his right and mostly the judgments given by jirga’ s are in favor of men or if someone committed a murder his sis or daughter is offered to the male member of the victims family to settle the score and bring peace between two families. In this scenario the women how become Vani lost her faith on just world or any other women who saw this kind of treatment lost her faith on just world. The injustices’ for women in our society is not just in the areas where jirga’s are the main sources of decision, in areas where Judicial system is available even there it’s very hard for the women to get justices, for exam if a women became a rape victim the family prohibited her to go to the polices because according to them taking this kind of matter out from the house will jeopardize there respect and the status and if even then a women go out and approach the police she face the humility by the male member of police and then if the rapist get caught he get his self out from the jail on a bile like in the case of Mukhtaran BIBI anti terrorism court sentenced 6 men to death for rape but the Lahore high court cited â€Å"insufficient evidence† and Supreme court too acquitted the accused ( the express Tribune, April 22, 2011). This kind of situations make female member of society not to believe on the phenomena like just world belief. These findings are supported by the study conducted by (Hayes, Loren Bell, 2013) on Victim Blaming Others: Rape Myth acceptance and just World Belief, there results indicate that the level of just world belief is higher among men than women. Important finding of the study is female students have negative attitude toward jirga system then male students and over all the attitude of students toward jirga is more negative than positive. Jirga is a form of local council who have all male members in it, most verdicts given by them goes against women even if it was a male member of the family who committed the crime, Like â€Å"VANI† is an example in which if a male member of a family killed or committee a crime to another person or family the female a daughter or a sister or niece of the murderer forcibly married to the male member family of a victim to settle the scores between families the male who committed the crime didn’t get any kind of punishment, there are many expels of this tradition , in district D.I. Khan a three year old girl given to a man of forty five years on the decision of the local Jirga because the uncle of the three years old who kidnapped a girl (Daily Jung , 22 January 2007) , another case a man ran away with the daughter of the neighbor’s and the girls family took the case into local jiga , the jirga decided that the 6 month old daughter of the culprit’s should be married with the 25 years old brother of the runaway girl.( Al-Juzairi, A.R, 1977) and other example of the decisions of the Jirg system is â€Å"honor killing† jirga allow to murder a women if a male member of her family think that she dishonored his family they don’t even need prove to prove that women guilty, and another example is â€Å"honor rape† in which if a male member of a family raped someone jirga ordered that male members of the victims family should rape the female from the family of the person who rapped. The biggest example of the â€Å"honor Rape â€Å" is the case of Mukhatra BIBI, on June, 2002 the 30 years old Mukhtara BIBI was ganged raped on the order of the local jirga , because there was the accusation on his 12 year old brother that he raped an 18 years old girl ( 28th June 2005 , BBC News). According to the HRCP during the time period of one year January 1 2013 to December 31 2013 there are 510 females became victim of the honor killing and 359 victimized by Karo kari. These numbers and incidents clearly show why women have more negative attitude toward Jirga system. the overall attitude slightly inclined toward negative attitude toward jirga system the reason can be because the data was collected from the Universities the education level played important role in changing the view of the people from positive toward negative attitude. The findings of the research show that the view of the people is changing toward jirga system, the level just world belief shows that females of our society are facing injustice. Females are more than 51% of our population to make our nation stronger it is necessary to give security and confidence to a huge part of the population. Limitations and suggestions: The main limitation of the study was the limited resources and the safety conditions of the country which prohibited the researcher to go further in the rural ares and collect data .To measure the attitude toward jirga system conducting the interviews could give more details views and results. The sample was collected from the Gandhara university Peshawer , it can benefited the study if data was also collated from rural areas e KPK and other provinces where jirga system is also very common . The direct interviews from the victimized females can benefited the study by giving the more insight about the psychological condition and the level of JWB among those females. Implications of the Findings: The findings have very important implications, it is shown by the results that females are clear victims of the jirga system and they clearly showed negative attitude toward this system, authorities should take serious steps toward this jirga system which is clearly violating the rights of the women, secondly women shows low level on Just World Belief , which indicates that women who are more 51% of the population are very insecure and victimized by the unjust Law system and biased society if authorities doesn’t take any proper steps to give security and justices to the women then it will make our society more week and vulnerable. References: Daily Jung , Multan , Pakistan . 22-1-2007. Al-Juzairi, A.R . (1977) . Kitabul Fiqah Ala Mazahib elarab, translated by Manzoor Abassi, Publication sector, Aqff dept. Lahore. PAksitan HRCP , KILLINGS (add it in intro) Tirmizi.(Aprial, 22, 2011) ,Mukhtara Mai: story of extraordinary courage. The express Tribune. Anonymous. (21 aprial, 2011), Pakistan : acquittals in Mukhtara Mai gang rape case. BBCNews, south Asia.(add it in intro) Add research : a social custom Vanni intro and critical analysis. (Add it in intro it’s online.) Rape myth acceptance and just world belief , Rebecca m. hayes , Katherine and kirstin A Bell.(find it online add in references and research in literature reviews)

Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange :: free essay writer

Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The setting used throughout the novel Wuthering Heights helps to set the mood to describe the characters. We find two households separated by the cold, muddy, and barren moors, one by the name of Wuthering Heights, and the other by the name of Thrushcross Grange. Each house stands alone, in the mist of the dreary land, and the atmosphere creates a mood of isolation. In the novel, Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange are the two places where virtually all of the action takes place. Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange, differ greatly from each other in appearance and mood. These differences reflect the universal conflict between the storm and calm, that Emily Bronte develops as the theme in the novel. Wuthering Heights and Thrushcross Grange both represent several opposing properties. The residents of Wuthering Heights were that of the working class, while those of Thrushcross Grange were higher on the social ladder. The people of Wuthering Heights aspired to be on the same level as the Lintons. This is evident when Heathcliff and Catherine peek through their window. In addition, Wuthering Heights is always in a state of storminess and its surroundings depict the cold, dark, and evil side of life, while Thrushcross Grange always seems calm.   Emily Bronte describes Wuthering Heights as having "narrow windows deeply set in the wall, and the corners defended with large jutting stones." This description is adjacent to Heathcliff when he is illustrated having, "black eyes withdrawn so suspiciously under their brow." Thrushcross Grange, in contrast to the bleak exposed farmhouse on the heights, is situated in the valley with none of the grim features of Heathcliff's home.   Opposite of Wuthering Heights, Thrushcross Grange is filled with light and warmth. It is the appropriate home of the children of

Treatment of Change and Expansion in Lotos-Eaters and Rip Van Winkle :: Lotos Winkle

Treatment of Change and Expansion in Lotos-Eaters and Rip Van Winkle      Ã‚   During the Victorian Era, great accomplishments lead to prosperity for the British Empire. Accomplishments include owning nearly a quarter of the world’s land and its people. As a result, trade and commerce expanded, and Great Britain reached the height of its power. Furthermore, science rapidly made progress during this time. These rapid strides in economic and technological advances gave the British people a feeling of pessimism about whether they were progressing for the good. As a result, people began to question man’s place, or duty, on earth. Also occurring within the time of the Victorian Era is the American Renaissance. During this period, Americans were expanding their territory according to the belief in Manifest Destiny, or the idea that God or Nature intended for the United States to spread its civilization from coast to coast. Like the British, Americans questioned their moral responsibility concerning change and expansion. Consequently, the concer ns of the people were echoed in the literature written during these time periods. For example, the Victorian poet, Alfred Tennyson, voiced his concerns about constant change and expansion in "The Lotos-Eaters," while the American writer, Washington Irving, also expressed his concerns in "Rip Van Winkle." An examination of the poem, "The Lotos-Eaters," and the short story, "Rip Van Winkle," reveal that Tennyson and Irving romanticized the concept of stasis while also questioning the duty of change and expansion.    In "The Lotos-Eaters," Tennyson romanticizes nature in order to emphasize the virtues of a land that remains in stasis as opposed to a land that is in constant change. When the mariners land on the island, its is described as a "land where all things always seemà ¢d the same" (Tennyson 24). Tennyson is saying that the beauty of the island has been preserved because no one has attempted to change it. Tennyson is also saying that colonization and expansion lead to industry, which strips nature of its beauty. Furthermore, the atmosphere of the island is romanticized in that "there is neither sharp sunlight nor clear moon, only the haze of a seemingly perpetual afternoon; the air itself is languid and the stream, not full and rushing but slender and slow, seems to pause in its fall from the cliff" (Ryals 97). The idea of an island that remains constantly at the most pleasant time of day and a stream that is barely moving romanticizes the idea of being at rest with no worries.

How James Watt Affected The Economic Growth Of Our Nation :: American America History

How James Watt Affected The Economic Growth Of Our Nation James Watt made many contributions to this country during the Industrial Revolution. He made numerous improvements on the Newcome steam engine, invented the term horse power, and designed the Sun and Planet wheel. He contributed most of his life to make others' lives easier and for them to prosper and grow. In 1763 John Anderson asked Watt to repair one of his steam engines which was an early version of a Newcome steam engine. This engine wasted a lot of time and fuel so it was economically inefficient. The reasons for the inefficiency was the cylinder had to be heated when steam was admitted and then slowly cooled down again to condense the steam. This process wasted a lot of time, energy, and steam. As he was wandering through Glasgow Green he struck upon an idea that would revolutionize the steam engine. This idea was "that in order to make the best use of the steam it was necessary that first, that the cylinder should always remain as hot as the steam which entered it; secondly that when the steam was condensed, the water of which it is composed, and injection itself, should be cooled down to a 100 degrees, or lower where it is possible." This method did not work at first, but in 1765 he discovered "that if a communication were opened between a cylinder containing steam and another vessel, which was exhausted of air and other fluids, the steam, as an elastic fluid would immediately rush into the empty vessel, and continue to do so until it had established an equilibrium. If that vessel were kept dry and cool by an injection, or otherwise, more steam would continue to enter until the whole was condensed." He fixed the problem of water and air coming out of the exhausted vessel by adding a pump to extract both air and water. This is Watt's great contribution to the Newcome steam engine which would now run faster, cleaner, safer, and more economically efficient. This made the steam engine a useful economical source of power which for over a hundred years stayed exactly the same without alteration. Watt charged his customers a price for using his steam engines. To justify this he compared his machine to a horse. Watt calculated that a horse exerted a pull of 180 lbs., therefore, when he made a machine, he described its power in relation to a horse. How James Watt Affected The Economic Growth Of Our Nation :: American America History How James Watt Affected The Economic Growth Of Our Nation James Watt made many contributions to this country during the Industrial Revolution. He made numerous improvements on the Newcome steam engine, invented the term horse power, and designed the Sun and Planet wheel. He contributed most of his life to make others' lives easier and for them to prosper and grow. In 1763 John Anderson asked Watt to repair one of his steam engines which was an early version of a Newcome steam engine. This engine wasted a lot of time and fuel so it was economically inefficient. The reasons for the inefficiency was the cylinder had to be heated when steam was admitted and then slowly cooled down again to condense the steam. This process wasted a lot of time, energy, and steam. As he was wandering through Glasgow Green he struck upon an idea that would revolutionize the steam engine. This idea was "that in order to make the best use of the steam it was necessary that first, that the cylinder should always remain as hot as the steam which entered it; secondly that when the steam was condensed, the water of which it is composed, and injection itself, should be cooled down to a 100 degrees, or lower where it is possible." This method did not work at first, but in 1765 he discovered "that if a communication were opened between a cylinder containing steam and another vessel, which was exhausted of air and other fluids, the steam, as an elastic fluid would immediately rush into the empty vessel, and continue to do so until it had established an equilibrium. If that vessel were kept dry and cool by an injection, or otherwise, more steam would continue to enter until the whole was condensed." He fixed the problem of water and air coming out of the exhausted vessel by adding a pump to extract both air and water. This is Watt's great contribution to the Newcome steam engine which would now run faster, cleaner, safer, and more economically efficient. This made the steam engine a useful economical source of power which for over a hundred years stayed exactly the same without alteration. Watt charged his customers a price for using his steam engines. To justify this he compared his machine to a horse. Watt calculated that a horse exerted a pull of 180 lbs., therefore, when he made a machine, he described its power in relation to a horse.

Horse and Depreciation Adjusted Basis

Comprehensive Problem Introduction: Betty, whose tax rate is 33%, is in the business of breeding and racing horses. Except for the transactions below, she has no other sales or exchanges and she has no unrecaptured net Sec. 1231 losses. Consider the following transactions that occur during the year: * A building with an adjusted basis of $300,000 is destroyed by fire. Insurance proceeds of $500,000 are received, but Betty does not plan to replace the building. The building was built 12 years ago at a cost of $430,000 and used to provide lodging for her employees.Straight-line depreciation has been used. * Four acres of the farm are condemned by the state to widen the highway and Betty receives $50,000. The land was inherited from her mother 15 years ago when its FMV was $15,000. Her mother purchased the land for $10,300. Betty does not plan to purchase additional land. * A racehorse purchased four years ago for $200,000 was sold for $550,000. Total depreciation allowed using the stra ight-line method amounts to $160,000. * Equipment purchased three years ago for $200,000 is exchanged for $100,000 of IBM common stock. The adjusted basis of the equipment is $120,000.If straight-line depreciation had been used, the adjusted basis would be $152,000. * An uninsured pony with an adjusted basis of $20,000 and FMV of $35,000, which her daughter uses only for personal use, is injured while attempting a jump. Because of the injury, the uninsured pony has to be destroyed by a veterinarian. Task(s): a. What amount of Sec. 1245 ordinary income must be recognized? Sold for $200,000 Depreciation adjusted basis’s of $152,000 $200,000-$152,000= $48,000 b. What amount of Sec. 1250 ordinary income must be recognized? From insurance $300,000 depreciation ordinary $430,000 300,000-430,000= -70,000 c. Will the loss resulting from the destruction of her daughter’s pony be used to determine net Sec. 1231 gains or losses? Yes d. What is the amount of the net Sec. 1231 gain or loss? There’s a loss of $15,000 e. After all of the netting of gains or losses is completed, will the gain resulting from the involuntary conversion of the building be treated as LTCG? No the building is old and it would seem not to fall into that category f. What is the amount of her unrecaptured Sec. 1250 gain? I would say zero because she never really sold anything

A Cup of Tea by Katherine Mansfield

A Cup of Tea  By Katherine Mansfield Rosemary Fell was not exactly beautiful. No, you couldn't have called her beautiful. Pretty? Well, if you took her to pieces†¦ But why be so cruel as to take anyone to pieces? She was young, brilliant, extremely modem, exquisitely well dressed, amazingly well read in the newest of the new books, and her parties were the most delicious mixture of the really important people and†¦ artists – quaint creatures, discoveries of hers, some of them too terrifying for words, but others quite presentable and amusing. Rosemary had been married two years. She had a duck of a boy.No, not Peter – Michael. And her husband absolutely adored her. They were rich, really rich, not just comfortably well off, which is odious and stuffy and sounds like one's grandparents. But if Rosemary wanted to shop she would go to  Paris  as you and I would go to  Bond Street  . If she wanted to buy flowers, the car pulled up at that perfect shop in Regent Street, and Rosemary inside the shop just gazed in her dazzled, rather exotic way, and said: â€Å"I want those and those and those. Give me four bunches of those. And that jar of roses. Yes, I'll have all the roses in the jar. No, no lilac.I hate lilac. It's got no shape. † The attendant bowed and put the lilac out of sight, as though this was only too true; lilac was dreadfully shapeless. â€Å"Give me those stumpy little tulips. Those red and white ones. † And she was followed to the car by a thin shop-girl staggering under an immense white paper armful that looked like a baby in long clothes†¦. One winter afternoon she had been buying something in a little antique shop in  Curzon Street  . It was a shop she liked. For one thing, one usually had it to oneself. And then the man who kept it was ridiculously fond of serving her.He beamed whenever she came in. He clasped his hands; he was so gratified he could scarcely speak. Flattery, of course. All th e same, there was something†¦ â€Å"You see, madam,† he would explain in his low respectful tones, â€Å"I love my things. I would rather not part with them than sell them to someone who does not appreciate them, who has not that fine feeling which is so rare†¦ † And, breathing deeply, he unrolled a tiny square of blue velvet and pressed it on the glass counter with his pale finger-tips. To-day it was a little box. He had been keeping it for her. He had shown it to nobody as yet.An exquisite little enamel box with a glaze so fine it looked as though it had been baked in cream. On the lid a minute creature stood under a flowery tree, and a more minute creature still had her arms round his neck. Her hat, really no bigger than a geranium petal, hung from a branch; it had green ribbons. And there was a pink cloud like a watchful cherub floating above their heads. Rosemary took her hands out of her long gloves. She always took off her gloves to examine such things . Yes, she liked it very much. She loved it; it was a great duck. She must have it.And, turning the creamy box, opening and shutting it, she couldn't help noticing how charming her hands were against the blue velvet. The shopman, in some dim cavern of his mind, may have dared to think so too. For he took a pencil, leant over the counter, and his pale, bloodless fingers crept timidly towards those rosy, flashing ones, as he murmured gently: â€Å"If I may venture to point out to madam, the flowers on the little lady's bodice. † â€Å"Charming! † Rosemary admired the flowers. But what was the price? For a moment the shopman did not seem to hear. Then a murmur reached her. â€Å"Twenty-eight guineas, madam. â€Å"Twenty-eight guineas. † Rosemary gave no sign. She laid the little box down; she buttoned her gloves again. Twenty-eight guineas. Even if one is rich†¦ She looked vague. She stared at a plump tea-kettle like a plump hen above the shopman's head, and her voice was dreamy as she answered: â€Å"Well, keep it for me – will you? I'll†¦ † But the shopman had already bowed as though keeping it for her was all any human being could ask. He would be willing, of course, to keep it for her for ever. The discreet door shut with a click. She was outside on the step, gazing at the winter afternoon.Rain was falling, and with the rain it seemed the dark came too, spinning down like ashes. There was a cold bitter taste in the air, and the new-lighted lamps looked sad. Sad were the lights in the houses opposite. Dimly they burned as if regretting something. And people hurried by, hidden under their hateful umbrellas. Rosemary felt a strange pang. She pressed her muff against her breast; she wished she had the little box, too, to cling to. Of course the car was there. She'd only to cross the pavement. But still she waited. There are moments, horrible moments in life, when one emerges from shelter and looks out, and it's awful. One oughtn't to give way to them. One ought to go home and have an extra-special tea. But at the very instant of thinking that, a young girl, thin, dark, shadowy – where had she come from? – was standing at Rosemary's elbow and a voice like a sigh, almost like a sob, breathed: â€Å"Madam, may I speak to you a moment? † â€Å"Speak to me? † Rosemary turned. She saw a little battered creature with enormous eyes, someone quite young, no older than herself, who clutched at her coat-collar with reddened hands, and shivered as though she had just come out of the water. â€Å"M-madam, stammered the voice. Would you let me have the price of a cup of tea?â€Å"A cup of tea? † There was something simple, sincere in that voice; it wasn't in the least the voice of a beggar. â€Å"Then have you no money at all? † asked Rosemary. â€Å"None, madam,† came the answer. â€Å"How extraordinary! † Rosemary peered through the dusk and the girl g azed back at her. How more than extraordinary! And suddenly it seemed to Rosemary such an adventure. It was like something out of a novel by Dostoevsky, this meeting in the dusk. Supposing she took the girl home? Supposing she did do one of those things she was always reading about or seeing on the stage, what would happen? It would be thrilling.And she heard herself saying afterwards to the amazement of her friends: â€Å"I simply took her home with me,† as she stepped forward and said to that dim person beside her: â€Å"Come home to tea with me. † The girl drew back startled. She even stopped shivering for a moment. Rosemary put out a hand and touched her arm. â€Å"I mean it,† she said, smiling. And she felt how simple and kind her smile was. â€Å"Why won't you? Do. Come home with me now in my car and have tea. † â€Å"You – you don't mean it, madam,† said the girl, and there was pain in her voice. â€Å"But I do,† cried Rosemary . â€Å"I want you to. To please me. Come along.The girl put her fingers to her lips and her eyes devoured Rosemary. â€Å"You're – you're not taking me to the police station? † she stammered. â€Å"The police station! † Rosemary laughed out. â€Å"Why should I be so cruel? No, I only want to make you warm and to hear – anything you care to tell me. † Hungry people are easily led. The footman held the door of the car open, and a moment later they were skimming through the dusk. â€Å"There! † said Rosemary. She had a feeling of triumph as she slipped her hand through the velvet strap. She could have said, â€Å"Now I've got you,† as she gazed at the little captive she had netted.But of course she meant it kindly. Oh, more than kindly. She was going to prove to this girl that – wonderful things did happen in life, that – fairy godmothers were real, that – rich people had hearts, and that women were sisters. She tu rned impulsively, saying'. â€Å"Don't be frightened. After all, why shouldn't you come back with me? We're both women. If I'm the more fortunate, you ought to expect†¦ † But happily at that moment, for she didn't know how the sentence was going to end, the car stopped. The bell was rung, the door opened, and with a charming, protecting, almost embracing movement, Rosemary drew the other into the hall.Warmth, softness, light, a sweet scent, all those things so familiar to her she never even thought about them, she watched that other receive. It was fascinating. She was like the rich little girl in her nursery with all the cupboards to open, all the boxes to unpack. â€Å"Come, come upstairs,† said Rosemary, longing to begin to be generous. â€Å"Come up to my room. † And, besides, she wanted to spare this poor little thing from being stared at by the servants; she decided as they mounted the stairs she would not even ring to Jeanne, but take off her things by herself. The great things were to be natural!And â€Å"There! † cried Rosemary again, as they reached her beautiful big bedroom with the curtains drawn, the fire leaping on her wonderful lacquer furniture, her gold cushions and the primrose and blue rugs. The girl stood just inside the door; she seemed dazed. But Rosemary didn't mind that. â€Å"Come and sit down,† she cried, dragging her big chair up to the fire, â€Å"m this comfy chair. Come and get warm. You look so dreadfully cold. † â€Å"I daren't, madam,† said the girl, and she edged backwards. â€Å"Oh, please,† – Rosemary ran forward – â€Å"you mustn't be frightened, you mustn't, really.Sit down, when I've taken off my things we shall go into the next room and have tea and be cozy. Why are you afraid? † And gently she half pushed the thin figure into its deep cradle. . But there was no answer. The girl stayed just as she had been put, with her hands by her sides a nd her mouth slightly open. To be quite sincere, she looked rather stupid. But Rosemary wouldn't acknowledge it. She leant over her, saying: â€Å"Won't you take off your hat? Your pretty hair is all wet. And one is so much more comfortable without a hat, isn't one? † There was a whisper that sounded like â€Å"Very good, adam,† and the crushed hat was taken off. â€Å"And let me help you off with your coat, too,† said Rosemary. The girl stood up. But she held on to the chair with one hand and let Rosemary pull. It was quite an effort. The other scarcely helped her at all. She seemed to stagger like a child, and the thought came and went through Rosemary's mind, that if people wanted helping they must respond a little, just a little, otherwise it became very difficult indeed. And what was she to do with the coat now? She left it on the floor, and the hat too.She was just going to take a cigarette off the mantelpiece when the girl said quickly, but so lightly and strangely: â€Å"I'm very sorry, madam, but I'm going to faint. I shall go off, madam, if I don't have something. † â€Å"Good heavens, how thoughtless I am! † Rosemary rushed to the bell. â€Å"Tea! Tea at once! And some brandy immediately! † The maid was gone again, but the girl almost cried out: â€Å"No, I don't want no brandy. * I never drink brandy. It's a cup of tea I want, madam. † And she burst into tears. It was a terrible and fascinating moment.Rosemary knelt beside her chair. â€Å"Don't cry, poor little thing,† she said. Don't cry. † And she gave the other her lace handkerchief. She really was touched beyond words. She put her arm round those thin, bird-like shoulders. Now at last the other forgot to be shy, forgot everything except that they were both women, and gasped out: â€Å"I can't go on no longer like this. I can't bear it. I can't bear it. I shall do away with myself. I can't bear no more. † â€Å"You shan't hav e to. I'll look after you. Don't cry any more. Don't you see what a good thing it was that you met me? We'll have tea and you'll tell me everything. And I shall arrange something. I promise. Do stop crying.It's so exhausting. Please! † The other did stop just in time for Rosemary to get up before the tea came. She had the table placed between them. She plied the poor little creature with everything, all the sandwiches, all the bread and butter, and every time her cup was empty she filled it with tea, cream and sugar. People always said sugar was so nourishing. As for herself she didn't eat; she smoked and looked away tactfully so that the other should not be shy. And really the effect of that slight meal was marvelous. When the tea-table was carried away a new being, a light, frail creature with tangled air, dark lips, deep, lighted eyes, lay back in the big chair in a kind of sweet languor, looking at the blaze. Rosemary lit a fresh cigarette; it was time to begin. â€Å"And when did you have your last meal? † she asked softly. But at that moment the door-handle turned. â€Å"Rosemary, may I come in? † It was Philip. â€Å"Of course. † He came in. â€Å"Oh, I'm so sorry,† he said, and stopped and stared. â€Å"It's quite all right,† said Rosemary, smiling.â€Å"This is my friend, Miss _† â€Å"Smith, madam,† said the languid figure, who was strangely still and unafraid. â€Å"Smith,† said Rosemary. â€Å"We are going to have a little talk. â€Å"Oh yes,† said Philip. â€Å"Quite,† and his eye caught sight of the coat and hat on the floor. He came over to the fire and turned his back to it. â€Å"It's a beastly afternoon,† he said curiously, still looking at that listless figure, looking at its hands and boots, and then at Rosemary again. â€Å"Yes, isn't it? † said Rosemary enthusiastically. â€Å"Vile. † Philip smiled his charming smile. â€Å"As a matter of fa ct,† said he, â€Å"I wanted you to come into the library for a moment. Would you? Will Miss Smith excuse us? † The big eyes were raised to him, but Rosemary answered for her: â€Å"Of course she will. And they went out of the room together. â€Å"I say,† said Philip, when they were alone. â€Å"Explain. Who is she? What does it all mean? † Rosemary, laughing, leaned against the door and said: â€Å"I picked her up in  Curzon Street  . Really. She's a real pick-up. She asked me for the price of a cup of tea, and I brought her home with  me. † â€Å"But what on earth are you going to do with her? † cried Philip. â€Å"Be nice to her,† said Rosemary quickly. â€Å"Be frightfully nice to her. Look after her. I don't know how. We haven't talked yet. But show her – treat her – make her feel -† â€Å"My darling girl,† said Philip, â€Å"you're quite mad, you know.It simply can't be done. † â€Å"I k new you'd say that,† retorted Rosemary. Why not? I want to. Isn't that a reason? And besides, one's always reading about these things. I decided -† â€Å"But,† said Philip slowly, and he cut the end of a cigar, â€Å"she's so astonishingly pretty. † â€Å"Pretty? † Rosemary was so surprised that she blushed. â€Å"Do you think so? I – I hadn't thought about it. † â€Å"Good Lord! † Philip struck a match. â€Å"She's absolutely lovely. Look again, my child. I was bowled over when I came into your room just now. However†¦ I think you're making a ghastly mistake. Sorry, darling, if I'm crude and all that.But let me know if Miss Smith is going to dine with us in time for me to look up The Milliner's Gazette. † â€Å"You absurd creature! † said Rosemary, and she went out of the library, but not back to her bedroom. She went to her writing-room and sat down at her desk. Pretty! Absolutely lovely! Bowled over! Her hea rt beat like a heavy bell. Pretty! Lovely! She drew her check-book towards her. But no, checks would be no use, of course. She opened a drawer and took out five pound notes, looked at them, put two back, and holding the three squeezed in her hand, she went back to her bedroom.Half an hour later Philip was still in the library, when Rosemary came in. â€Å"I only wanted to tell you,† said she, and she leaned against the door again and looked at him with her dazzled exotic gaze, â€Å"Miss Smith won't dine with us to-night. † Philip put down the paper. â€Å"Oh, what's happened? Previous engagement? † Rosemary came over and sat down on his knee. â€Å"She insisted on going,† said she, â€Å"so I gave the poor little thing a present of money. I couldn't keep her against her will, could I? † she added softly. Rosemary had just done her hair, darkened her eyes a little and put on her pearls.She put up her hands and touched Philip's cheeks. â€Å"Do you like me? † said she, and her tone, sweet, husky, troubled him. â€Å"I like you awfully,† he said, and he held her tighter. â€Å"Kiss me. † There was a pause. Then Rosemary said dreamily: â€Å"I saw a fascinating little box to-day. It cost twenty-eight guineas. May I have it? † Philip jumped her on his knee. â€Å"You may, little wasteful one,† said he. But that was not really what Rosemary wanted to say. â€Å"Philip,† she whispered, and she pressed his head against her bosom, â€Å"am I pretty? â€Å"